PRIDISP

Understanding price dispersion: new structural models of price discrimination and applications

ERC-852815

Abstract

Structural models of demand and supply in differentiated product markets are widely used for policy evaluation and in antitrust. They typically consider firms set uniform prices and fail to explain price dispersion within products. Yet, it is common that the same good is purchased at different prices and this has major consequences for consumers that standard models cannot analyze. This proposal extends standard models to incorporate price dispersion. These new structural models are used to shed lights on the sources of price dispersion, their importance and evaluate the distributional impacts and profitability of price dispersion on important markets (automobile, grocery items and online markets).

We model and analyze specific sources of price dispersion. First, we consider price dispersion within product lines and the pricing of quality with a model of second degree price discrimination. Second, we develop a model of third degree price discrimination with limited arbitrage opportunity. When price discrimination is not explicit, consumers are not locked in and some individuals are able to arbitrage and pay the lowest price. The third project considers individualized pricing and purchase history and develops a structural model in which firms learn about consumers’ preferences by observing their previous purchase patterns and leverage this information by setting individualized prices. Finally, we consider a framework with spatial price dispersion to analyze price dispersion for grocery items across locations. As a transversal project, we provide a reliable method to test alternative models of market equilibrium and apply them to confront our new models to the standard ones.

 

Description du projet: De nouveaux modèles empiriques pour comprendre la dispersion des prix

Il n’est pas rare que des produits présentant les mêmes caractéristiques soient acheté à des prix différents par des personnes différentes. La dispersion des prix constitue une préoccupation majeure des consommateurs. Le projet PRIDISP financé par l’UE analysera les différentes sources de la dispersion des prix. Il prolongera les modèles empiriques standard de détermination des prix pour incorporer la dispersion des prix. Ces nouveaux modèles, estimés à l’aide de données sur les ventes des produits et les prix, seront utilisés pour comprendre les raisons de la dispersion des prix, ainsi que pour quantifier l’impact de la dispersion des prix pour le bien-être des consommateurs et les bénéfices des entreprises. Une telle analyse sera effectuée à l’aide de données du marché de l’automobile, des achats en épicerie et des marchés du détail en ligne.

Contact in TSE : Isis Durrmeyer

Project date: September 2020-August 2025