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Ankur Pandya, Mike Paulden, Jinyi Zhu, Tara A. Lavelle, and James K. Hammitt
vol. 42, n. 7, October 2022, pp. 885–892
Background: Decisions based on cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) using equal discount rates for health and cost outcomes are consistent with using a constant cost-effectiveness threshold over time. We sought to analyze trends in author-reported cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) thresholds...
James K. Hammitt
n. 71, October 2022
Downside risk aversion (downside RA) and decreasing absolute risk aversion (DARA) are different concepts that describe preferences for which the harm from bearing risk is lessened by an increase in wealth. This note presents some intuitive explanations of the difference between the two concepts...
Giuliana Spadaro, Catherine Molho, Jan-Willem Van Prooijen, Angelo Romano, Cristina O. Mosso, and Paul A.M. Van Lange
October 2022
Corruption is a pervasive phenomenon that affects the quality of institutions, undermines economic growth and exacerbates inequalities around the globe. Here we tested whether perceiving representatives of institutions as corrupt undermines trust and subsequent prosocial behaviour among strangers....
Susan Perry, Alecia Carter, Jacob Foster, Sabine Noebel, and Marco Smolla
vol. 51, October 2022, pp. 419–436
Although anthropology was the first academic discipline to investigate cultural change, many other disciplines have made noteworthy contributions to understanding what influences the adoption of new behaviors. Drawing on a broad, interdisciplinary literature covering both humans and nonhumans, we...
Jean-Paul Décamps, and Stéphane Villeneuve
vol. 205, n. 105522, October 2022
We study a dynamic model of a firm whose shareholders learn about its profitability, face costs of external nancing and costs of holding cash. The shareholders' problem involves a notoriously challenging singular stochastic control problem with a two-dimensional degenerate diffusion process. We...
Maria Giuseppina Bruna, Rey Dang, L'hocine Houanti, Jean-Michel Sahut, and Michel Simioni
vol. 49, n. 103048, October 2022
Given the contrasting empirical results of the literature, the question of the influence of the presence of women on corporate boards of directors (WOCB) on the corporate social performance (CSP), we revisit this problem by developing a semi-parametric approach to capture the non-linear effects of...
Michele Bisceglia, Jorge Padilla, Salvatore Piccolo, and Shiva Shekhar
vol. 60, n. 100981, September 2022
We study the competitive effects of a vertical merger in a digital industry where an integrated incumbent (closed ecosystem) competes with an open ecosystem formed by an upstream supplier (ecosystem gatekeeper) and two downstream retailers selling differentiated products. Absent innovation, the...
Takuro Yamashita, and Takeshi Murooka
September 2022
We consider an adverse selection environment between an informed seller and an uninformed buyer, where no trade occurs when all buyers are the standard Bayesian-rational type. The buyer may be a “behavioral” type in that he may take actions different from the rational type. We show that, for any...
Manvir Singh, and Luke Glowacki
vol. 43, September 2022, pp. 418–431
Many researchers assume that until 10–12,000 years ago, humans lived in small, mobile, relatively egalitarian bands. This “nomadic-egalitarian model” suffuses the social sciences. It informs evolutionary explanations of behavior and our understanding of how contemporary societies differ from those...
Manvir Singh
n. 31, September 2022, pp. 266–280
Why is culture the way it is? Here I argue that a major force shaping culture is subjective (cultural) selection, or the selective retention of cultural variants that people subjectively perceive as satisfying their goals. I show that people evaluate behaviors and beliefs according to how useful...
