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Etienne de Montbrun, and Jérôme Renault
vol. 12, n. 3, July 2025, pp. 267–301
We study the convergence of optimistic gradient descent ascent in unconstrained bilinear games. For zero-sum games, we prove exponential convergence to a saddle-point for any payoff matrix, and provide the exact ratio of convergence as a function of the step size. Then, we introduce OGDA for...
Pascal Bégout, and Jean-Pierre Neveu
vol. 29, n. 3, July 2025, pp. 431–451
Daniel L. Chen, and Markus Loecher
vol. 116, n. 102364, July 2025
Emotions are said to underlie moral decision-making. We detect intra-judge variation spanning three decades in 1.5 million judicial decisions driven by factors unrelated to case merits. U.S. immigration judges grant an additional 1.4 % points of asylum petitions–and U.S. district judges assign 0.6...
Matthew Adler, Maddalena Ferranna, James K. Hammitt, Eugénie de Laubier, and Nicolas Treich
vol. 37, n. 7, July 2025, revised June 10, 2026, pp. 1350–1364
The fair innings principle states that fairness requires allocating life-saving treatments to younger rather than older patients when each would gain the same extension in longevity. It is motivated by the notion that older patients have already benefited from a longer life and so have less claim...
Manon Costa, Sébastien Gadat, and Lorick Huang
vol. 29, July 2025, p. 609–664
Nivedita Singhal, Ceren Su Abacioglu, Catherine Molho, and Berke Tan Tabak
vol. 81, n. 2 (e70011), June 2025
In the Netherlands, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) efforts typically avoid using the term “race”, instead adopting a broader “diversity inclusion” framework that shifts focus from racial inequalities to cultural differences. Our project aimed to introduce, test, and apply a framework to...
Minhua Yan, Zhizhong Li, Yuanmei Li, Robert Boyd, and Sarah Mathew
vol. 122, n. 25 (e2413214122), June 2025
Determining how people behave in contexts governed by social norms can clarify both how norms influence human behavior and how norms evolve. We examined cooperative farming harvest division among the Derung, a Tibeto-Burman-speaking horticultural society in southwestern China. In the village of...
Harun Onder, Pierre Pestieau, and Grégory Ponthieres
vol. 91, n. 2, June 2025, pp. 210–239, 30 pages
We examine the effects of the postulated metric on the measurement of well-being, by comparing, in the (income, lifetime) space, two indexes: the equivalent income index and the equivalent lifetime index. The conditions under which the equivalent lifetime index exists are more restrictive than the...
Alexandros Gelastopoulos, Lucas Sage, and Arnout van de Rijt
vol. 122(23), n. e2408163122, June 2025
Inequality in outcomes may emerge through a reinforcement process in which stochastic variation in values is determined by prior values but may also originate in preexisting differences in unobserved factors. A common approach toward differentiating between these origins in longitudinal data is to...
Benoît Chevalier-Roignant, Stéphane Villeneuve, Fabien Delpech, and May-Line Grapotte
vol. 175, n. 105098, June 2025, revised June 10, 2026
There are many business situations in which investments by a supplier and a producer (“coinvest-ments") are both necessary for either of them to grasp a business opportunity. For instance, better quality tanks are needed to manufacture reliable hydrogen-powered vehicles. One of these two firms,...
