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Christian Hellwig et Nicolas Werquin
2026, à paraître
Alexandre de Cornière et Greg Taylor
Cyberattacks are a pervasive threat in the digital economy, with the potential to harm firms and their customers. Larger firms constitute more valuable targets to hackers, thereby creating negative network effects. These can be mitigated by investments in security, which play both a deterrent and a...
James K. Hammitt
n° 26-1707, 2026
Weighted benefit-cost analysis is receiving increased attention as a method to incorporate concerns about the distribution of policy effects across individuals. Weights are intended to reflect interpersonal differences in the effect of income on wellbeing (the marginal utility of income) and the...
Céline Giner, Céline Nauges et Katherine Hassett
Matti Liski et François Salanié
Jérôme Bolte, Tam Le, Eric Moulines et Edouard Pauwels
Motivated by the extensive application of approximate gradients in machine learning and optimization, we investigate inexact subgradient methods subject to persistent additive errors. Within a nonconvex semialgebraic framework, assuming boundedness or coercivity, we establish that the method yields...
Léo Portales, Elsa Cazelles et Edouard Pauwels
Lloyd’s algorithm is an iterative method that solves the quantization problem, that is, the approximation of a target probability measure by a discrete one, and is particularly used in digital applications. This algorithm can be interpreted as a gradient method on a certain quantization functional...
Rossi Abi Rafeh, Pierre Dubois, Rachel Griffith et Martin O'Connell
We develop a dynamic equilibrium model of firm competition to analyze the effects of counterfactual policies, such as taxes and advertising restrictions, on pricing, advertising, consumption, and welfare. Using micro-level data, we estimate how consumer exposure to television commercials influences...
Christophe Cahn, Patrick Fève et Julien Matheron
Violeta I. Haas, Konstantin Bogatyrev, Tarik Abou-Chadi, Heike Klüver et Lukas F. Stoetzer
Do strategies of state-sponsored homophobia translate into electoral gains? While a growing body of literature documents the increasing politicization of LGBTQ- and gender-related issues by illiberal elites, little is known about the electoral effects of these strategies. We address this important...
