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Vincent Rebeyrol
n° 20-1131, août 2020, révision avril 2023
This paper shows that Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) may fully respect the non-discrimination principle of the WTO and still act as a protectionist device. NTMs that raise the costs of all firms induce some exit and thus reallocate market shares towards the most efficient firms. The paper analyzes when...
Christian Gollier
vol. 45, août 2020, p. 80–93
Most integrated models of the covid pandemic have been developed under the assumption that the policy-sensitive reproduction number is certain. The decision to exit from the lockdown has been made in most countries without knowing the reproduction number that would prevail after the deconfinement....
Eric Reinhart et Daniel L. Chen
vol. 39, n° 8, août 2020, p. 1412–1418
Jails and prisons are major sites of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Many jurisdictions in the United States have therefore accelerated the release of low-risk offenders. Early release, however, does not address how arrest and pretrial detention practices may be contributing to disease...
Romain Espinosa, Damian Tago et Nicolas Treich
vol. 76, août 2020, p. 1019–1044
Most infectious diseases in humans originate from animals. In this paper, we explore the role of animal farming and meat consumption in the emergence and amplification of infectious diseases. First, we discuss how meat production increases epidemic risks, either directly through increased contact...
Boris Babic, Daniel L. Chen, Theodoros Evgeniou et Anne-Laure Fayard
août 2020
Laurent Miclo
n° 20-1128, août 2020
Consider finite state space irreducible and absorbing Markov processes. A general spectral criterion is provided for the absorbing time to be close to an exponential random variable, whatever the starting point. When exiting points are added to the state space, our criterion also insures that the...
Eyal Castiel, Sem Borst, Laurent Miclo, Florian Simatos et Phil Whiting
n° 20-1129, août 2020
We examine a queue-based random-access algorithm where activation and deactivation rates are adapted as functions of queue lengths. We establish its heavy traffic behavior on a complete interference graph, which turns out to be nonstandard in two respects: (1) the scaling depends on some parameter...
Koléhè Coulibaly-Pasquier et Laurent Miclo
n° 20-1130, août 2020
Cécile Détang-Dessendre, Hervé Guyomard, Vincent Réquillart et Louis-Georges Soler
vol. 12, n° 16, août 2020, p. 6462
No one would dispute that agricultural systems and food diets are not sustainable from an environmental and health point of view, and that increasing their sustainability must be a major objective of farm and food policies. Simultaneously, climatic, environmental, and health shocks are likely to...
Alban Thomas, Claire Lamine, Benjamin Allès, Yuna Chiffoleau, Antoine Doré, Sophie Dubuisson-Quellier et Mourad Hannachi
vol. 101, août 2020, p. 23–46
We discuss in this paper the role of the economic and social organization in agriculture and the food industry, in relation with the Health-Agriculture-Food-Environment (HAFEN) concept. The aim is to better understand the potential impact of the implementation of this concept in food consumption...
