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François Bachoc, Jérôme Bolte, Ryan Boustany et Jean-Michel Loubes
n° 25-1641, mai 2025
Despite growing empirical evidence of bias amplification in machine learning, its theoretical foundations remain poorly understood. We develop a formal framework for majority-minority learning tasks, showing how standard training can favor majority groups and produce stereotypical predictors that...
Jean-Pierre Florens, Frédérique Fève et Léopold Simar
n° 25-1640, mai 2025
The analysis of cost functions is an important topic in econometrics both for scientific studies and for industrial applications. The object of interest may be the cost of a firm or the cost of a specific production, in particular in case of a proposal to a procurement. Engineer methods evaluate...
Jean-Paul Décamps, Fabien Gensbittel et Thomas Mariotti
vol. 50, n° 2, mai 2025, p. 1478–1513
We study the optimal investment policy of a firm facing both technological and cash-flow uncertainty. At any point in time, the firm can decide to invest in a standalone technology or to wait for a technological breakthrough. Breakthroughs occur when market conditions become favorable enough,...
Sarah Ann Wheeler, Céline Nauges et Quentin R. Grafton
vol. 47, n° 2, mai 2025, p. 487–514
The allocation of water across space and time is a key challenge of water governance, with demand and supply often not well matched over time and place. Best practice water pricing and markets may promote water conservation, yet their application is limited. We highlight the governance principles...
Elena Panova et Thibault Laurent
mai 2025
This paper examines how the structure of communication networks influences learning and social welfare when participants have different prior opinions and face uncertainty about an external state. We analyze a game in which players form links to exchange opinions on the state and reduce their...
David Bardey et Philippe De Donder
Toronto, vol. 58, n° 2, mai 2025, p. 443–483
Personalized medicine is still in its infancy, with costly genetic tests providing little actionable information in terms of efficient prevention decisions. As a consequence, few people undertake these tests currently, and health insurance contracts pool all agents irrespective of their genetic...
Sylvie Borau
vol. 198, n° 1, avril 2025, p. 1–19
The use of female AI agents, such as vocal assistants, chatbots and robots, is on the rise, but the indiscriminate feminization of these AI agents poses novel ethical concerns about their impact on gender relations in society. This conceptual article argues that AI agents, even virtual ones, can...
Frédéric Boissay, Fabrice Collard, Cristina Manea et Alan Shapiro
vol. 21, n° 2, avril 2025, p. 147–220
This paper explores the state-dependent effects of a monetary tightening on financial stress, focusing on a novel dimension: whether inflation is driven by supply versus demand factors at the time of the policy intervention. These underlying factors likely affect the economy’s financial resilience...
Thomas Ragel et Bruno Ziliotto
avril 2025
Claire Borsenberger, Helmuth Cremer, Denis Joram, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur et Estelle Malavolti
n° 25-1639, avril 2025
The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has evolved since Milton Friedman’s 1970 assertion that a business’s sole responsibility is profit. Today, global frameworks like the UN Global Compact and EU regulations emphasize corporate accountability, particularly regarding social and...
